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Renmark
Population 7,750
Situated on the Murray River in the centre of the Riverland, Renmark is the first major town in the state when entering South Australia from the Eastern States along the Sturt Highway.

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Climate

Average temperatures: January max 31C (88F) - min 15C (59F); July max 15C (59F) - min 5C (41F). Average annual rainfall: 312mm (12 ins).

Characteristics
Renmark is recognised as the River Holiday Centre of Australia, offering a wide range of river holiday experiences from luxury cruising on the grandiose Paddle Steamer Murray Princess, self-drive houseboats, daily river cruises, dining aboard the cruising restaurant MV Barrangul, relaxing in picturesque riverside caravan parks, or simply skiing, boating, canoeing or trying to catch one of the River Murray's 'tasty' fish, such as callop.

How to Get There
By Bus
Greyhound Pioneer stop at Renmark on their Sydney/Adelaide routes. Stateliner has a service from Adelaide to Renmark.

By Road
From Sydney, via the Hume and Sturt Highways, or via Wagga Wagga and Mildura.
From Adelaide, via the Sturt Highway.

Tourist Information
The Renmark Paringa Visitor Information Centre is at 84 Murray Ave, email tourist@riverland.net.au, 8586 6704. It is open Mon-Fri 9am-5pm, Sat-Sun 9am-4pm.

Accommodation
Following is a selection of available accommodation, with prices for a double room per night, which should be used as a guide only. The telephone area code is 08.

Hotels and Motels
Citrus Valley Best Western Motel, Renmark Avenue, 8586 6717. 25 units, licensed restaurant, swimming pool, barbecue $80-100.
Renmark Country Club Motel, Sturt Highway, 8585 1401. 37 units, licensed restaurant, swimming pool, tennis, golf, undercover parking $90.
Fountain Gardens Motel, Renmark Avenue, 8586 6899. 22 units, swimming pool, barbecue $60-70.
Ventura Motel, 234 Renmark Avenue, 8586 6841. 15 units, swimming pool, barbecue $75.
Renmark Hotel/Motel, Murray Avenue, 8586 6755. 78 rooms, licensed restaurant $80-130.

Caravan Parks
Renmark Riverfront Caravan Park, Riverfront, 8586 6315. (No pets allowed) 300 sites, playground, barbecue - powered sites $15-18 for two, on-site vans $30 for two, cabins $35-60 for two.
Riverbend Caravan Park, Sturt Highway, 8595 5131. (No pets) 60 sites, kiosk, barbecue - powered sites $17 for two, on-site vans $40-65 for two.

Houseboats
Renmark is now firmly established as the Houseboat Hiring Centre of Australia, and there are over 55 houseboats available for hire, ranging in size from two to ten berth, and offering from standard to luxury facilities. For information about bookings, contact the Tourist Centre, or try Liba-Liba, 8586 6734.

Cruising
PS Murray Princess, 8569 2511 or 1800 804 843, operates 6-day cruises from Renmark, cruising both up and downstream from the town and covering 700km (435 miles) of the most beautiful scenery in the Riverland Region. The vessel is the biggest of her kind in the Southern Hemisphere, and accommodates 120 passengers in two-berth cabins with private en-suite bathrooms. The vessel has cabins and elevators for the disabled, and facilities include 2 saunas, 2 spas and a colonial style lounge area with views back over the paddle. PS Murray Princess is open for inspection every Sunday 1-2pm, and the Tourist Centre has brochures and information on availability of cruises.

Eating Out
There is a good selection of restaurants, cafes and takeaway outlets, and here are some names and addresses.

Ashley's Restaurant, 210 Renmark Avenue, 8586 6854, open 7 days from 6pm.
Riverland Golden Palace Restaurant, Renmark Avenue, 8586 6065. Chinese cuisine, closed Monday, hopen Tues-Thurs noon-2pm, 5-9.30pm, Fri-Sat noon-2pm, 5-10.30pm, Sunday 5-9.30pm.
Bistro in the Renmark Hotel, Murray Avenue, 8586 6755, open daily, noon-2pm, 6-8pm.
Jacaranda Room in the Renmark Country Club, off Sturt Highway, 8595 1401, open daily from 6.30pm.
Renmark Club, Murray Avenue, 8586 6611. Thursday - family economy; Friday - smorgasbord; Saturday - a la carte, 6.30-8.30pm. Visitors welcome.

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Points of Interest

Bredl's Reptile Park & Zoo, 5km from town on the Sturt Highway, has over 400 species of reptiles, birds and animals. The largest collection of live reptiles in Australia includes deadly taipans, cobras, death adders, tiger snakes, pythons, boa constrictors, crocodiles, monitor lizards. There is a kiosk with a large range of souvenirs. hOpen daily, with the snakes being fed every Sunday 2-3pm, 8595 1431.

Olivewood (Chaffey House), was the original home of the Chaffey brothers, who founded the original settlement here in 1887. It is a National Trust of South Australia House on the heritage list, and has a museum, open Thurs-Mon 10am-4pm, Tues 2-4pm, closed Wednesday, 8586 5745. It is located on the corne of Renmark Avenue and Twentyfirst Street, with admission $4 adults.

David Ruston's Rose Garden is a 6ha (16 acres) reserve with over 30,000 rose bushes, a large collection of flowering trees and shrubs, and many varieties of iris and day lilies. A viewing tower gives a chance for some great photographs. Open daily from October 1 to May 31, 8586 6191.

The PS Industry was built in Goolwa, SA, and commissioned in January 1911 as a workboat for the South Australian Engineering and Water Supply Department. It played a major part in keeping the river open for traffic by removing snags. It is located on Murray Avenue, and can still be seen chugging down the river.

Harding's Folklore Gallery, Murtho Street, has a large ceiling mural depicting colonial Australian bushrangers, and a good collection of Australian art and weapons of the colonial days. The gallery is open most days, (08) 8586 6972.

Ozone Gallery, 8586 6368, has arts and crafts mostly by local people, with around 355 paintings on display. The gallery is run by volunteer help, and is hopen  at these hours: Mon-Thurs 9.30am-5pm, Fri 9.30am-6pm, Sat 9am-12.30pm, Sun 1-4pm. Another gallery in town is Zenith Art Gallery, 8586 6274.

River Cruises - 1.5 hour day cruises, luncheon, dinner and sunset cruises are available from several companies, and the Visitor Centre has all the necessary information.

Wineries
Angove's, makers of St Agnes Brandy, Marko Vermouth, Stones Ginger Wine and Angove's Varietal Table Wines, have winery tours Mon-Fri 10.30am, cellar sales and tastings Mon-Fri 9am-12.30pm, 1.30-5pm (no tours over the two weeks of the Christmas-New Year period), 8580 3100.

Renmano Wines, , 8586 6771, open Mon-Sat 9am-5pm for tasting and sales. Winery tours are by arrangement only.

Facilities
Three bowling clubs, lawn, all-weather and indoor tennis courts, olympic swimming pool and waterslide, football, indoor/outdoor cricket, hockey, basketball, volleyball, rollerskating, badminton, gymnasium, table tennis, golf, rifle club, horse and pony club.

Outlying Attractions
Berri
Situated on the Murray River, 18km (11 miles) from Renmark and 238km (148 miles) from Adelaide, Berri was originally settled as a pastoral area. When irrigation commenced in 1908, it became a major fruit growing area specialising in grapes for wine and drying, stone fruits and citrus. Large industries grew to process these fruits, examples being Berri Estates Winery, Berri Company Co-operative Ltd, and Berrivale Orchards Juice Plant and Food Processing Plant. Now Berri has a population of around 7000, and is a pretty town with many parks and gardens along the town riverfront. The Berri Tourist Information Centre is in Vaughan Terrace, 8582 5299, and they can advise on attractions, and arrange houseboat bookings, and all accommodation.

The Berri Estates Winery, on the Sturt Highway towards Glossop, is the largest single winery and distillery in Australia, and is open for sales Mon-Fri 9am-5pm, Sat 9am-4pm, closed Sunday, 8582 0340.

The Riverland Big Orange, Sturt Highway at the Monash/Morgan turn-off, is the largest orange in the world, and has excellent views of the River Murray. Here you can buy local produce, wines, souvenirs, or take an orchard tour. Open daily 9am-5pm, (08) 8582 4255.

Loxton
256km (159 miles) from Adelaide, and about 30km (19 miles) from Berri by river, Loxton was settled in 1895 as a farming community, and the Historical Village on the riverfront, 8584 7194, has many early buildings, and a replica of William Charles Loxton's pine and pug hut. They also have a large display of early farming equipment and machinery - open daily 10am-4pm, and during holiday periods also Wed 7-9pm.

The Tourist Information office is at 45 East Terrace, ph 847 919, and has details of accommodation and attractions.
 The Loxton Visitor Information and Arts Centre is in Bookpurnong Terrace, email loxtour@
riverland.net.au, (08) 8584 7919. Opening times are Mon-Fri 9am-5pm, Sat 9.30am-12.30pm and Sun 10am-4.15pm. They open for early-birds from 7.15-7.45am Mon-Sat.

On Wednesday night, the Murray Princess pulls into Loxton on her cruise down the Murray, and a good time is had by all, with Village Minstrels and true riverboat celebrations.

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Barmera

Barmera is situated on the shores of Lake Bonney, a freshwater lake whose source is the Murray River through Chambers Creek. Joseph Hawdon discovered the lake in 1838 whilst overlanding cattle from NSW to Adelaide, and named it after his companion Charles Bonney. The surrounding area was first taken up with pastoral leases until 1922 when they were divided into irrigation blocks for growing grapes, stone fruits, citrus and vegetables. Today, as with other Riverland towns, Barmera has been developed along community and co-operative lines.

The ideal climate, combined with the swimming, yachting,water skiing, speed boating, wind surfing and fishing that the lake provides, makes Barmera an ideal place to spend some time. The Tourist Information Centre is in Barwell Avenue, 8588 2289.

Waikerie
Situated on the Murray River, 175km (109 miles) from Adelaide, Waikerie was settled in 1894, and is a well-planned, pretty town with award winning gardens. Street names bear evidence of a strong German heritage. The town is acclaimed as a glider's paradise, and also has the largest citrus packing house in Australia, the Waikerie Co-op Producers Ltd.

Although the Sturt Highway by-passes the outskirts of Waikerie, it is well worth a side trip for closer examination. Apart from its natural flora and fauna, the town also has several pleasant eateries, wineries and shops specialising in locally made goods. Tourist Information is available at The Orange Tree on the Sturt Highway, 8541 2332. It is open Mon-Fri 9am-5.30pm and Sat-Sun 10am-4pm.

Morgan
The township of Morgan is on the Murray River, 166km (103 miles) from Adelaide.  The site of the town was passed by Charles Sturt on his voyage down the Murray and back in 1830. Known originally as North West Bend, the Great Bend, or the Great Elbow, it became a point for overlanders, on their way to Adelaide with stock, to leave the Murray and make for Adelaide. In 1878 the town was proclaimed, and the Kapunda to Morgan railway officially opened. Changing times forced the closure of the railway service in 1969, but relics of this era remain with the original Station, Station Master's Residence, Turntable and Rest Rooms, all in excellent condition.

Morgan Visitor Information Centre is at 11 Railway Terrace, (08) 8540 2354, and the local people are very friendly and will give all the advice you need to see the local attractions.

Blanchetown
Blanchetown is your first port of call in the Riverland if you are travelling the 134km (83 miles) from Adelaide, or the last if you are travelling from the eastern States. The town was laid out in 1855 and declared a port in 1863. It is the start of the River Murray lock and weir system for water quantity control. The lock was completed in 1922, and is an impressive sight from the lookout at the Blanchetown Bridge. Blanchetown is a popular holiday resort with many holiday homes lining the river banks, and good fishing and skiing areas nearby. You can grab a hearty meal at the Blanchetown Hotel, 8540 5017, the hub of this tiny town.

Flinders Ranges
The foothills of the Flinders Rangers begin at the northern end of St Vincent's Gulf, and stretch north for approximately 800km (497 miles) into the dry outback region.

Climate
Semi-arid climate which leads to dry-country vegetation, including saltbush and light timber. In spring the area is alive with wild flowers, making it an ideal time to visit. Winter days can also be pleasant, however the nights are very cold; summer is very hot with temperatures ranging from 30-40C (86-104F); autumn has much the same temperatures as spring.

Characteristics
Granite mountain ranges with towering peaks, razor backed quartzite ridges, slashed by precipitous gorges, and creeks with cool, deep waterholes framed by stately gums. The whole area is an artist's or photographer's delight. The colours and shadows change continually depending upon the time of day and the season of the year.

How to Get There
By Bus
Premier Stateliner service towns to Hawker and Quorn. For details of timetables phone (08) 8415 5555.

By Rail
Australian National operates regular air-conditioned services from Adelaide, Coonimia near Port Pirie, Port Augusta, Whyalla and Peterborough.

By Road
From Port Augusta take Highway 47 to Hawker, then a sealed road to Wilpena Pound. The road from there through Blinman and on to Arkaroola is gravel.

Tourist Information
The Flinders Ranges Visitor Information Centre is at 3 Seventh Street, (08) 8648 6419, email tourism@flindersrangescouncil.sa.gov.au

Alternatively, Wilpena Pound Visitor Information Centre is at the Wilpena Pound Resort, (08) 8648 0048. It is open 8am-6pm seven days.

You might also wish to visit theuseful website www.flinders .outback.on.net

Accommodation
For information and Camping Permits for the various National and Conservation Parks in this region, contact the National Parks & Wildlife SA, Hawker branch, at 60 Elder Terrace, (08) 8648 4244.
The accommodation listed here is town based, and prices are for a double room per night. They should be used as a guide only. The telephone area code is 08.

Quorn
Flinders Ranges Motel, 2 Railway Terrace, 8648 6016. 12 units, licensed restaurant $85.
Transcontinental Hotel, 15 Railway Terrace, 8648 6076. 19 rooms, licensed restaurant, basic accommodation $55-60 including breakfast.
Quorn Caravan Park, Silo Road, 8648 6206. (Pets allowed on leash) 110 sites, barbecue, good facilities - powered sites $18 for two, on-site vans $35 for two, cabins $55-60 for two.

Hawker
Outback Chapmanton Motor Inn, Wilpena Road, 8648 4100. 14 units, licensed restaurant $80.
Hawker Hotel Motel, Elder Terrace, 4848 4102. 20 units, licensed restaurant, barbecue $70-75.
Flinders Ranges Caravan Park, Hawker-Leigh Creek Road, 8648 4266. (Pets allowed on leash) 100 sites, excellent facilities - powered sites $18 for two, on-site vans $35-40 for two, cabins $50-70.
Hawker Caravan Park, Chaceview Terrace, 8648 4006. (No dogs allowed) 120 sites, playground, barbecue - powered sites $19 for two, cabins $65-100 for two.

Wilpena Pound
Wilpena Pound Resort, 8648 0004. 60 units, licensed restaurant, swimming pool, barbecue $110.
Wilpena Pound Camping & Caravan Park, 8648 0004. (No dogs) 300 sites, basic facilities - powered sites $20 for two.
Rawnsley Park Station, Wilpena Road, 8648 0008. (No pets) 300 sites, basic facilities - powered sites $21 for two, on-site vans $42 for two, cabins $55 for two.

Blinman
North Blinman Hotel/Motel, 8648 4867. 9 units, basic accommodation, licensed restaurant, swimming pool, barbecue $85.
Blinman Campground, Mine Road, 8648 4867. (Pets allowed on leash) 8 sites, barbecue, pool - powered sites $10 for two.

Marree
Marree Caravan & Campers park, cnr Birdsville & Oodnadatta Tracks, 8675 8371. (Pets allowed on leash) 120 sites, barbecue - powered sites $16 for two, cabins $30 for two.

Arkaroola
Mawson Lodge, Wilderness Sanctuary, 8431 7900. 20 units, licensed restaurant, swimming pool $115-120.
Arkaroola-Mt Painter Sanctuary Resort, Wilderness Sanctuary, 8431 7900. (No pets) 150 sites, playground, pool - powered sites $17 for two, bunkhouses $30-90.

Eating Out
The majority of hotels and motels in the area have restaurants, and general stores and petrol stations usually sell takeaway food.

Points of Interest
Quorn
Situated 334km (208 miles) from Adelaide, the old railway town of Quorn is an ideal holiday base. The town has many historic buildings reflecting its former importance as a railway junction. Nowadays, the only railway sounds are when the old steam trains (Afghan Express, Pichi Richi Explorer and Barwell Bull) run to through Pichi Richi Pass to Woolshed Flat and Stirling North. Trains are scheduled to run on certain days from Easter to October, and timetables are available from Information Outlets, by calling 8658 1109 or visiting the site  www.prr.org.au online. Bookings can be made at the Railway Station on the day of travel, or on the number mentioned above. There are also guided tours of the railway workshops throughout the year, and on days when the train runs.

Only a short distance from town are the Wankerie Falls, Warren, Buckaringa and Middle Gorges. About 14km (9 miles) south of the town is Mt Brown (900m - 2953 ft), the highest point in the area. Nearer town are Devil's Peak and Dutchman's Stern, both of which are richly coloured and have walking trails to the summit.

Quorn has retained much of its old world character, and the Mill, built in 1878 as a flour mill, has been restored and houses a restaurant. Other galleries with local art and craft are: Junction Art Gallery, Quandong Cafe & Art Gallery and Sue's Art Studio Gallery.

North of the town are the historic Kanyaka ruins and graveyard, all that remains of the homestead which once supported 70 families for about 20 years from the 1850s. Located near the ruins is the Death Rock waterhole.

Local 4WD tours are available from Quorn, contact Ozzies Bush Track Tours, 8648 6016, for details.
Apart from the Flinders Ranges Visitor Information Centre, tourist information is also available at the Flinders Ranges Council at 1 Seventh Street, 8648 6031.

Hawker
A typical outback town, Hawker is the hub of the Flinders Ranges, being the junction of roads from Port Augusta, Orroroo, Leigh Creek, Marree and Wilpena/Blinman. It is 374km (232 miles) from Adelaide, and was a thriving railway town before the line was relocated in 1956. Hawker is now an important tourist centre in the Flinders, and a Town Heritage Walk has been developed to take you through the town's pioneering history.

The Tourist Information Centre is at Hawker Motors, cnr Wilpena & Cradock Roads, 8648 4014.

A walking trail and scenic lookout have been established at Jarvis Hill, 5km south-west of Hawker. The lookout provides a spectacular panorama of the surrounding countryside.

Easy day trips from Hawker include to Quorn and Pichi Richi Pass, Wilpena, Brachina and Parachilna Gorges, Leigh Creek coalfield and Aroona Dam.

Yourambulla Caves, south of the town, have a number of Aboriginal paintings as well as another good view.

There are many scenic drives available from Hawker, and one of the most popular is the Moralana Scenic Drive joining Wilpena and Leigh Creek Roads. It offers good scenery, particularly from the Black Gap Lookout. A more rugged drive, through Yappala and past Middle and Buckaringa Gorges to Gordon, provides a mixture of outback pastoral country, rugged hills, creeks, flora and fauna. It is advisable to check local road conditions before setting off on one of these drives.

Wilpena Pound
Situated 54km (34 miles) north of Hawker, the Pound is probably the best known feature of the Flinders Ranges. It is an oval bowl 16km (10 miles) long and 10km (6 miles) wide, surrounded by high quartzite cliffs. The only route to the Pound is over Sliding Rock along the edge of Wilpena Creek. Aboriginal legend says that the rim is formed by the bodies of two serpents. Enough rain falls on the higher walls of the range to keep the inner gorges and valleys green for at least part of the year, making it an oasis in the dry heart of Central Australia. Handsome red rivergums line the watercourses. The whole of the Pound has been grazed at some time - some parts as recently as 1970. Sheep have removed most of the saltbush, and the plants which flower gaily each spring are generally introduced weeds.

Nevertheless, in most people's eyes, this does not detract from the beauty and majesty of the oasis. There are several walking tracks from Wilpena to gorges and parks. These range from easy to difficult, taking from an hour to a day. The walk to the top of St Mary's Peak (1164m - 3819 ft), the highest point in the range, takes a whole day, but the view from the top is worth it. The walk should only be attempted after checking with the ranger, and only if you are fit. For those who haven't the time, the fitness or the inclination to attempt it, scenic flights are available (bookings at the resort, 8648 0004).

Rawnsley Park is 20km (12 miles) south of Wilpena on the Hawker to Wilpena Road, located in a beautiful natural setting at the foot of Rawnsley Bluff (the southern rampart of Wilpena Pound). The area has marked walking tracks, and saddle and pack horse treks are available from Rawnsley Park Station, 8648 0008.

Blinman
Situated 60km (37 miles) from Wilpena, and 485km (301 miles) from Adelaide, Blinman was once a bustling copper mining town, and some of the old mine machinery can still be seen. There is one hotel and a small caravan park. Access is via the Blinman road from Wilpena and the Leigh Creek road through the scenic Parachilna Gorge, or from Parachilna through the spectacular Glass's Gorge, noted for its show of wild hops in good seasons. East of Blinman, the road winds through the scenic Eregunda Valley to Chambers Gorge, a rugged area with sparkling rock pools and Aboriginal carvings.

North of Chambers Gorge is Big Morot Gorge with numerous rock pools and cliffs, while to the south, on the Wilpena road is the extensive and prominent rocky outcrop called the Great Wall of China.

The Blinman Pools, which are near Angorichina, are fed by a permanent spring even in the heat of summer. They offer one of the most beautiful and secluded spots in the Ranges.

Leigh Creek
The new town of Leigh Creek is 13km (8 miles) south of the original township, and has excellent facilities. The town was moved when the first site was needed for further coal mining. Opened in 1981, the new town is in slightly hilly country, and has pleasant views of the Flinders Ranges.

Leigh Creek's brown coal deposits were first mined for power generation in 1943, and since 1948 it has been operated by the Electricity Trust of SA. It produces about 2.3 million tonnes of coal annually for the Port Augusta power stations. The brown coal deposits here are Triassic (200 million years old) and are the remnants of deposits laid down on a Pre-Cambrian basement. Open cut methods are used to extract the coal, and part of the workings can be viewed from the visitors viewing area, 2.7km from the turn-off to the Leigh Creek Coalfields, on the Hawker to Marree Highway.
If you need to quench your thirst or rest tired eyes, the Leigh Creek Tavern is in Black Oak Drive and has accommodation (08) 8675 2025.

Marree
Once known as Hergott Springs, Marree was the staging post for the camel trains that transported supplies and heavy loads to the Outback. Marree is Aboriginal for 'possum', and the town is the beginning, or the end, of the infamous Birdsville Track.

The Birdsville Track links Marree and Birdsville in Queensland, and was developed in the 1880s as a stock route for drovers bringing cattle from the rich grazing country of south-west Queensland to the railhead at Marree. The track skirts some of the driest areas of Australia, passing between the Simpson Desert and Sturt's Stony Desert. Since being upgraded for beef cattle transports, the track is usually in a fair condition, but as with all Outback driving, care must be taken. It is not recommended that travel by private vehicle be undertaken along the Birdsville Track during the summer months. May to October is preferable.

Allow at least two full days for the journey and carry emergency supplies for a week because rain, though infrequent, can make the track suddenly impassable. Check with the police at Marree, or Birdsville if you are travelling from there, before departure to make sure the road conditions are favourable.

Habitation is limited to scattered and remote homesteads and not all of them are close to the Track. Fuel supplies are available at the  Mungerannie Roadhouse, 8675 8317, near Mungerannie Homestead, 204km (127 miles) north of Marree.

Arkaroola
Situated in the rugged northern Flinders, 660km (410 miles) from Adelaide, Arkaroola is a 61,000ha (150,670 acres) wildlife sanctuary. It can be reached by road from Copley, Blinman or Yunta, and all these roads are unsealed, though usually well maintained. Many tours include this resort as a focal point, and there are two airstrips, one at Arkaroola and one at Balcanoona.

The area is rich in minerals and evidence abounds of early exploration. The old Cornish-style Bolla Bollana Smelters, erected in 1861, stand as a reminder of miners of the nineteenth century. The nearby Gammon Ranges National Park is an extensive wilderness area, and other attractions include Nooldoonooldoona, Barrarranna and Bola Bollana waterholes, Echo Camp, Dinnertime Hill, The Needles, Sitting Bull and the Pinnacles.

Paralana Hot Springs, 27km (17 miles) north of Arkaroola, are radioactive and are believed to be the last remaining evidence of volcanic activity in Australia. The area is an Aboriginal ceremonial site.



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